Levels 30 Sapphire
Key learning Area Technology
Theme Concrete

Title How to Make a Concrete Driveway
Text Type Procedure
Pages 2–9
Text Form Article in a DIY manual
Genre Non-fiction
Purpose To provide instructions about how to make or do something

Text Structure
Goal: Outlines what is to be achieved (Page 2)
Materials: Specifies the materials needed to achieve the goal (Page 2)
Steps: Lists the steps in order of sequence (Pages 3–9)

Language Features
-- Nouns (e.g. mesh, company, timber)
-- Pronouns (e.g. them, it)
-- Adjectives (e.g. reinforcing, well-drained)
-- Present tense verbs (e.g. Arrange, Check, Install)
-- Adverbs (e.g. directly, evenly)
-- Adverbial phrases (e.g. along the driveway)

Title Using Concrete in Earthquake Areas
Text Type Discussion
Pages 10–16
Text Form Oral presentation at a meeting
Genre Non-fiction
Purpose To examine more than one side of an issue

Text Structure
Opening Statement: Outlines the issue (Page 10)
Arguments 'For' and 'Against': Includes evidence in support of and against the issue (Pages 12–15)
Concluding Statement: Summary of the writer's opinion(Page 16)

Language Features
-- Nouns (e.g. structures, zones, conditions)
-- Pronouns (e.g. they, it)
-- Adjectives (e.g. specially-designed, normal)
-- Sensing verbs (e.g. hoping, believe)
-- Adverbs (e.g. successfully, often)
-- Adverbial phrases (e.g. through piles of concrete rubble)
-- Conjunctions/Text connectives (e.g. after considering these arguments)